Which term relates to scientific management?

The term that relates to scientific management is tied to the focus on "Physical" aspects of work and efficiency. Scientific management, a theory developed in the early 20th century by Frederick Taylor, emphasizes optimizing labor productivity and improving economic efficiency through systematic studies of work processes. This approach involves analyzing physical tasks to establish standard operating procedures and minimize wasted effort, thereby increasing output. The physical attributes of work, including the arrangement of workspace, the tools used, and the movements of workers, are central to achieving the goals set forth by Taylor.

While the other terms may involve important aspects of management and organization, they do not directly relate to the principles of scientific management. For instance, psychological elements may touch on motivation and human behavior, while intellectual and sociological factors might discuss cognitive processes or social interactions, respectively. However, none of these directly encompass the foundational focus on physical techniques and efficiencies inherent in the scientific management approach.